| ▴ Proto-Turkic | ▴ Altaic etymology | ▴ Meaning | ▴ Russian meaning | ▴ Old Turkic | ▴ Karakhanid | ▴ Turkish | ▴ Tatar | ▴ Middle Turkic | ▴ Uzbek | ▴ Uighur | ▴ Sary-Yughur | ▴ Azerbaidzhan | ▴ Turkmen | ▴ Khakassian | ▴ Shor | ▴ Oyrat | ▴ Halaj | ▴ Chuvash | ▴ Yakut | ▴ Dolgan | ▴ Tuva | ▴ Tofalar | ▴ Kirghiz | ▴ Kazakh | ▴ Noghai | ▴ Bashkir | ▴ Balkar | ▴ Gagauz | ▴ Karaim | ▴ Karakalpak | ▴ Salar | ▴ Kumyk | ▴ Comments |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"*seb- | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"to speak | face="Times New Roman Star"ãîâîðèòü |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"so"jle-, dial. so"vle- | face="Times New Roman Star"su"jla"-, dial. so"vle-, sevle- | face="Times New Roman Star"so"jle- (Ettuhf.) | face="Times New Roman Star"so.jla-, dial. sa"vla"- |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"so"jla"- | face="Times New Roman Star"so"jle- | face="Times New Roman Star"so"le- |
| face="Times New Roman Star"su":le- |
| face="Times New Roman Star"sujlas?-, sol'a- | face="Times New Roman Star"u"la"- |
| face="Times New Roman Star"so"gle- |
| face="Times New Roman Star"so"jlo"-, su"le- | face="Times New Roman Star"so"jle- |
| face="Times New Roman Star"hu"jla"- | face="Times New Roman Star"so"le- | face="Times New Roman Star"so":le- |
| face="Times New Roman Star"so"jle- |
| face="Times New Roman Star"so"jle- | face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 429, Ôåäîòîâ 2, 54-55, ÝÑÒß 7. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*so"je- | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"1 to prop, lean, support 2 support, supporting stick 3 door-post | face="Times New Roman Star"1 ïîäïèðàòü, îïèðàòüñÿ 2 îïîðà, ïîäïîðêà 3 äâåðíîé êîñÿê |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"su"jen, su"g|en (dial.) 2, so"g|ken-, so"vken- (dial.) 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"su">ja"- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"so"je- 1, so"je 2 (Pav. C.), su"jen- (Ettuhf.) 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"suja- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"su"ju"- 1 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"so"jka"n- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"so"je- 1, so"je, so"jget 2 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"so"jbe, so"jge 3 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"s@w|ven- 'to stick to, cling to' | face="Times New Roman Star"o"jo":- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"o"jo"n- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"so"gu" 3 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"su"jo"-, so":n- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"su"je- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"su"je- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"hu"ja"- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"su"je- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"su"va"n, so"va", su"va" 2 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"su"je- 1 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"su"je- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 435, ÝÑÒß 7, Stachowski 198. Many forms reflect derivatives *so"j-ke-(n)- / *so"j-ge-(n)-. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*so"r/ | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"word, speech | face="Times New Roman Star"ñëîâî, ðå÷ü | face="Times New Roman Star"so"z (OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"so"z (MK) | face="Times New Roman Star"so"z | face="Times New Roman Star"su"z | face="Times New Roman Star"so"z (AH, IM, Ettuhf.) | face="Times New Roman Star"so"z | face="Times New Roman Star"so"z | face="Times New Roman Star"so"z | face="Times New Roman Star"so"z | face="Times New Roman Star"so"z | face="Times New Roman Star"so"s | face="Times New Roman Star"so"s | face="Times New Roman Star"so"s | face="Times New Roman Star"sez, so"z |
| face="Times New Roman Star"o"s | face="Times New Roman Star"o"s | face="Times New Roman Star"so"s |
| face="Times New Roman Star"so"z | face="Times New Roman Star"so"z | face="Times New Roman Star"so"z | face="Times New Roman Star"hu"d| | face="Times New Roman Star"so"z | face="Times New Roman Star"so"z | face="Times New Roman Star"so"z | face="Times New Roman Star"so"z | face="Times New Roman Star"so"z | face="Times New Roman Star"so"z | face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 860, VEWT 430, ÝÑÒß 7, Stachowski 200-201. One should also mention PT *so"r-c?ek 'tale, story, fairy tale' (see ÝÑÒß 7). |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*su"ksu"k | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"tamarisk | face="Times New Roman Star"âèä äåðåâà èëè êóñòàðíèêà, òàìàðèñê | face="Times New Roman Star"su"ksu"k (OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"su"ksu"k (MK) |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"su"ksu"k (Abush., Áîð. Áàä., Pav. C.) | face="Times New Roman Star"su"ksu"k 'firewood' | face="Times New Roman Star"su"ksu"k |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"so"ska"n 'spiraea' |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"so"ska"n 'spiraea' |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 430, 435, EDT 823, ÝÑÒß 7. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*so"k- | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"to split, tear apart | face="Times New Roman Star"ðàçäåëÿòü, ðàñïàðûâàòü, ðàçäèðàòü | face="Times New Roman Star"so"k- (Orkh., OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"so"k- (MK) | face="Times New Roman Star"so"k- |
| face="Times New Roman Star"so"k- (AH, IM, Abush.) | face="Times New Roman Star"so.k- | face="Times New Roman Star"so"k- |
| face="Times New Roman Star"so"k- | face="Times New Roman Star"so"k- | face="Times New Roman Star"so"k- |
| face="Times New Roman Star"so"k- |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"so"`k- |
| face="Times New Roman Star"so"k- | face="Times New Roman Star"so"k- | face="Times New Roman Star"so"k- |
| face="Times New Roman Star"so"k- | face="Times New Roman Star"so"k- | face="Times New Roman Star"so"k- | face="Times New Roman Star"so"k- |
| face="Times New Roman Star"so"k- | face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 819, ÝÑÒß 7. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*sin|o"k | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"bone | face="Times New Roman Star"êîñòü | face="Times New Roman Star"su"n|o"k (Orkh.), su"n|u"k (OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"su"n|u"k (MK, KB) | face="Times New Roman Star"su"n|u"k, so"n|ek, su"mu"k (dial.) | face="Times New Roman Star"so"je|k | face="Times New Roman Star"su"n|ek (Abush., Sangl.) | face="Times New Roman Star"sujak | face="Times New Roman Star"so"n|a"k | face="Times New Roman Star"symyk | face="Times New Roman Star"su"mu"k | face="Times New Roman Star"su"n|k, su"jek | face="Times New Roman Star"so":k | face="Times New Roman Star"so":k | face="Times New Roman Star"so":k | face="Times New Roman Star"simik | face="Times New Roman Star"s?úw|múw| | face="Times New Roman Star"un|uox| | face="Times New Roman Star"on|uok | face="Times New Roman Star"so":k | face="Times New Roman Star"so": k | face="Times New Roman Star"so"o"k | face="Times New Roman Star"sujek | face="Times New Roman Star"su"jek | face="Times New Roman Star"ho"ja"k | face="Times New Roman Star"su"jek |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"su"jek | face="Times New Roman Star"senix | face="Times New Roman Star"su"jek | face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 437, EDT 838-839, Ëåêñèêà 260-261, ÝÑÒß 7, Stachowski 195. With different suffixation cf. Uygh. so"n|ga"c? 'thigh, hip, thigh bone'; Yak., Dolg. o"n|u"rges 'cartilage' (Stachowski 200). |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*s[e]go"l ( / *so"gil) | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"wart | face="Times New Roman Star"áîðîäàâêà | face="Times New Roman Star"so"go"l (OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"sigil (MK) | face="Times New Roman Star"sigil | face="Times New Roman Star"so"ja"l | face="Times New Roman Star"sigil, su"ku"l, su"ja"l (Pav. C.) | face="Times New Roman Star"suga"l | face="Times New Roman Star"so"ga"l |
| face="Times New Roman Star"zijil | face="Times New Roman Star"sin|n|il | face="Times New Roman Star"so":l |
| face="Times New Roman Star"so":l | face="Times New Roman Star"sijil | face="Times New Roman Star"s?úw|klúw|, s?@w|g@w|l (dial.) |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"so":l | face="Times New Roman Star"so":l | face="Times New Roman Star"so":l | face="Times New Roman Star"su"jel | face="Times New Roman Star"s?u"jel | face="Times New Roman Star"hu">ja"l |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"su"vel | face="Times New Roman Star"s?u"jel |
| face="Times New Roman Star"su"jel | face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 429, EDT 820, ÝÑÒß 7. Some irregularities are due to the root's expressive nature. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*syb | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"water | face="Times New Roman Star"âîäà | face="Times New Roman Star"s/ub (Orkh.), sub, suv (OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"suv (MK) | face="Times New Roman Star"su | face="Times New Roman Star"syw | face="Times New Roman Star"su (AH, Pav. C.) | face="Times New Roman Star"suv | face="Times New Roman Star"su | face="Times New Roman Star"su | face="Times New Roman Star"su | face="Times New Roman Star"suv | face="Times New Roman Star"sug| | face="Times New Roman Star"sug| | face="Times New Roman Star"su: | face="Times New Roman Star"suw | face="Times New Roman Star"s?yv | face="Times New Roman Star"u:; utax 'thirst' < *sub-sak | face="Times New Roman Star"u: | face="Times New Roman Star"sug| | face="Times New Roman Star"sug| | face="Times New Roman Star"su: | face="Times New Roman Star"su | face="Times New Roman Star"suw | face="Times New Roman Star"hyw | face="Times New Roman Star"su: | face="Times New Roman Star"su | face="Times New Roman Star"su | face="Times New Roman Star"suw | face="Times New Roman Star"su | face="Times New Roman Star"suw | face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 431, TMN 3, 281-2, EDT 783-4, Ëåêñèêà 88, ÝÑÒß 7, Stachowski 247. The reconstruction of *y is conditioned by the Chuv. palatalization. Cf. also *sybu- 'to become watery', *sybu-k 'watery, liquid' (ÝÑÒß 7). Other Common Turkic derivatives are *syb-sy- 'to become watery' and *syb-sa- 'to be(come) thirsty', see the analysis in ÝÑÒß 7 and EDT 792. The derivative *syb-sy 'a watery decoction' (not attested as such, but cf. OT suvsus? id. (EDT 792)) was borrowed in Mong. as sub(a)su id. (L 733), Khalkha suvs 'watery'. Modern Kypchak and Siberian forms like Chag. susyn, Kirgh. su:sun etc. may reflect a secondary loan from Mongolian. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*sub-luk (*syb-luk) | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"horse's bit | face="Times New Roman Star"óäèëà |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"suluk (dial.) | face="Times New Roman Star"sywlyq (dial.) | face="Times New Roman Star"suluq (Pav. C.) | face="Times New Roman Star"suluq, suwliq |
| face="Times New Roman Star"suluq |
| face="Times New Roman Star"suwluq (dial.) | face="Times New Roman Star"sug|lux | face="Times New Roman Star"sug|uluq | face="Times New Roman Star"suluq, su:luq |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"sug|luq |
| face="Times New Roman Star"su:luq, su:lduruq | face="Times New Roman Star"suwlyq | face="Times New Roman Star"suwlyq |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"suwlyq |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"ÝÑÒß 7. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*syjpa- | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"to knead, caress | face="Times New Roman Star"ðàñòèðàòü, ãëàäèòü, ëàñêàòü |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"syjpa-, sypyr- | face="Times New Roman Star"sipa- (R.) | face="Times New Roman Star"sijpa- | face="Times New Roman Star"sipa- |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"sy:pa- (syjpa-) | face="Times New Roman Star"syjba- | face="Times New Roman Star"si:ba-, syba- | face="Times New Roman Star"syjma- |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"sujba- |
| face="Times New Roman Star"syjpa- | face="Times New Roman Star"syjpa- | face="Times New Roman Star"syjpa- | face="Times New Roman Star"hyjpa-, hypyr- | face="Times New Roman Star"syjpa- |
| face="Times New Roman Star"sypa- | face="Times New Roman Star"syjpa- |
| face="Times New Roman Star"syjpa- | face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 415, ÝÑÒß 7. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*suli / *su"li | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"oats | face="Times New Roman Star"îâåñ |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"soly | face="Times New Roman Star"suvlu 'spelt' (CCum.) | face="Times New Roman Star"suli | face="Times New Roman Star"sulu |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"su"le | face="Times New Roman Star"sula, sulu |
| face="Times New Roman Star"sula |
| face="Times New Roman Star"s@w|l@w| |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"sula |
| face="Times New Roman Star"sulu | face="Times New Roman Star"suly, su"li | face="Times New Roman Star"suly | face="Times New Roman Star"holo |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"su"lu" | face="Times New Roman Star"suly |
| face="Times New Roman Star"sulu | face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 432, Ëåêñèêà 464, ÝÑÒß 7. Turk. > WMong. suli, Kalm. sul/@ (KW 336). |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*suk- | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"1 to stick in, insert 2 hollow wood, whistle | face="Times New Roman Star"1 âòûêàòü, âñòàâëÿòü 2 ïîëàÿ äðåâåñèíà, ñâèñòîê | face="Times New Roman Star"suq- (OUygh.) 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"suq- 1, suqym 2 (MK) |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"suq- (Qutb, Houts.) |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"soq- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"sux- 1 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"suq- 1 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"uk- 1 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"suq- 1 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"suq- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"sug|- 1 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"sug|- 1 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 432, EDT 805, 811. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*sogut / *soktu | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"stuffed guts, sausage | face="Times New Roman Star"íàáèòûå âíóòðåííîñòè, êîëáàñà |
| face="Times New Roman Star"sog|ut, soqtu (MK) |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"su:k-xan |
| face="Times New Roman Star"soqto | face="Times New Roman Star"soqta |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 806. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*su"r(-t)- | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"to rub, smear | face="Times New Roman Star"òåðåòü, ìàçàòü | face="Times New Roman Star"su"rt- (OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"su"rt- (MK) | face="Times New Roman Star"su"r-, su"rt- |
| face="Times New Roman Star"su"r- (Pav. C.), su"rt- (IM), su"ru"t- (AH) | face="Times New Roman Star"surt- |
| face="Times New Roman Star"su"rt- | face="Times New Roman Star"su"rt- | face="Times New Roman Star"su"r-, su"rt- | face="Times New Roman Star"su"rt- |
| face="Times New Roman Star"su"rt- |
| face="Times New Roman Star"s@w|r- | face="Times New Roman Star"u"r- |
| face="Times New Roman Star"su"r- |
| face="Times New Roman Star"su"r-, su"rt- | face="Times New Roman Star"su"rt- | face="Times New Roman Star"su"r-, su"rt- | face="Times New Roman Star"hu">r-, hu">rt- | face="Times New Roman Star"su"rt- | face="Times New Roman Star"su"ru"t- | face="Times New Roman Star"su"rt- | face="Times New Roman Star"su"r-, su"rt- |
| face="Times New Roman Star"su"rt- | face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 846, VEWT 437, Åãîðîâ 188, Ëåêñèêà 382, ÝÑÒß 7. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*su":r- | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"to drive away | face="Times New Roman Star"ãíàòü, ïðîãîíÿòü | face="Times New Roman Star"su"r- (Orkh., OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"su"r- (MK) | face="Times New Roman Star"su"r- | face="Times New Roman Star"su">r- | face="Times New Roman Star"su"r- (AH, Pav. C.) | face="Times New Roman Star"sur- | face="Times New Roman Star"su"(r)- |
| face="Times New Roman Star"su"r- | face="Times New Roman Star"su"r- | face="Times New Roman Star"su"r- | face="Times New Roman Star"su"r- | face="Times New Roman Star"su"r- | face="Times New Roman Star"si:r- | face="Times New Roman Star"sir- | face="Times New Roman Star"u":r- | face="Times New Roman Star"u":r- | face="Times New Roman Star"su"r- |
| face="Times New Roman Star"su"r- |
| face="Times New Roman Star"su"r- | face="Times New Roman Star"hu">r- | face="Times New Roman Star"su"r- | face="Times New Roman Star"su"r- | face="Times New Roman Star"su"r- | face="Times New Roman Star"su"r- | face="Times New Roman Star"su"r- | face="Times New Roman Star"su"r- | face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 844, VEWT 437, ÝÑÒß 7, Stachowski 255. Shortness in Turkm. is not clear; perhaps under the influence of *su"r- 'smear; pull' (?). |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*su"r/- | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"1 to strain, filter 2 to swim, float 3 to walk in water | face="Times New Roman Star"1 öåäèòü, ôèëüòðîâàòü 2 ïëàâàòü 3 õîäèòü â âîäå | face="Times New Roman Star"su"z- 1 (OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"su"z- 1 (MK) | face="Times New Roman Star"su"z- 1, su"zu"l- 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"so"z- 1, (dial.) 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"su"z- 1 (AH, Pav. C.), 2 (Pav. C.) | face="Times New Roman Star"suz- 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"su"z- 1 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"su"z- 1, 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"su"z- 1 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"si:z- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"s@r- 1, "to catch fish by a drag-net" |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"su"s- 3 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"su"z- 1, 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"su"z- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"su"z- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"hu">d|- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"su"z- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"su"z- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"su"z- 1 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"su"z- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 861, ÝÑÒß 4, 261; 7; VEWT 420 (the root should be distinguished from *syr/- 'to ooze', q. v. sub *s?i_u>r/u), Ëåêñèêà 411, Àøì. XI, 311-312, 314, Ôåäîòîâ 2, 44-45. The meanings 'to strain, filter' and 'to swim, float' go back to a common meaning '*to flow' (additionally the semantic development > 'swim' could have been influenced by *ju"r/- 'to swim' q. v. sub *ni_u/r/e). Bulg. > Hung. szu?r- 'to ooze', see Gombocz 1912, MNyTESz 3, 812-813. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*su":t | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"milk | face="Times New Roman Star"ìîëîêî | face="Times New Roman Star"su"t (OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"su"t (MK) | face="Times New Roman Star"su"t | face="Times New Roman Star"su">t | face="Times New Roman Star"su"t (AH, Abush.), su"d (Pav. C.) | face="Times New Roman Star"sut | face="Times New Roman Star"su"t | face="Times New Roman Star"su"t, so"t | face="Times New Roman Star"su"d | face="Times New Roman Star"su":t | face="Times New Roman Star"su"t | face="Times New Roman Star"su"t | face="Times New Roman Star"su"t | face="Times New Roman Star"si:t | face="Times New Roman Star"s@w|t | face="Times New Roman Star"u":t |
| face="Times New Roman Star"su"t |
| face="Times New Roman Star"su"t | face="Times New Roman Star"su"t | face="Times New Roman Star"su"t | face="Times New Roman Star"hu">t | face="Times New Roman Star"su"t | face="Times New Roman Star"su"t | face="Times New Roman Star"su"t | face="Times New Roman Star"su"t | face="Times New Roman Star"su"t | face="Times New Roman Star"su"t | face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 798, VEWT 438, Ëåêñèêà 448-449, ÝÑÒß 7. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*si:b-ri | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"sharp, sharp-edged | face="Times New Roman Star"îñòðûé, êîíè÷åñêèé | face="Times New Roman Star"su"vri (OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"su"vri (MK) | face="Times New Roman Star"sivri |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"sivri | face="Times New Roman Star"su"jri |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"su":ru", su":ri |
| face="Times New Roman Star"s?@w|v@w|r | face="Times New Roman Star"u"o"rbe |
| face="Times New Roman Star"su":r |
| face="Times New Roman Star"su"jru" | face="Times New Roman Star"su"jir |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"sivri | face="Times New Roman Star"sivri, su"vru" | face="Times New Roman Star"su"jri, su"jir |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 791, VEWT 438, ÝÑÒß 7. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*c?(i)al- | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"1 turban 2 noose, lasso 3 to plait, wrap 4 to bind by throwing the rope 5 to become entangled 6 to entangle 7 band, strap 8 to bind around, wrap around 9 to plait | face="Times New Roman Star"1 òþðáàí 2 àðêàí, ëàññî 3 çàïëåòàòü, çàâîðà÷èâàòü 4 ñâÿçûâàòü çàõëåñòîì, íàìåòûâàòü 5 çàïëåòàòüñÿ 6 çàïóòàòü 7 òåñüìà, çàâÿçêà 8 îáâÿçûâàòü, îáìàòûâàòü 9 ïëåñòè |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"c?alma 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?al- 4, c?alma 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?alma 1, 'flask fastened to the saddle' (Pav. C., Sangl.), 'apron' (Pav. C.) | face="Times New Roman Star"c?al-(mo|q) 4, c?alma 1; band, facing | face="Times New Roman Star"c?al-ma-s?- 5 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"c?alma 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?alma 1, c?al- 3, c?als?yq 'entangled (of a rope)' | face="Times New Roman Star"salba (Sag.) 'ëû÷êî äëÿ ìåòàíèÿ êàìíåé' |
| face="Times New Roman Star"c?alma 2, dial. (Leb.) c?aly- 6 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"s?alba 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"s?alys?qaq 'criss-crossing' | face="Times New Roman Star"c?al- 4, c?alg|yc? 7, c?alma 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"s?al- 8 | face="Times New Roman Star"s?alma 1, s?aluw 7 | face="Times New Roman Star"saly- 8, salma 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?alma 1, c?al- 9, c?alman 'wattle' | face="Times New Roman Star"c?al- 8, c?alma 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"cal- 8, calma 1, calman 'wattle' | face="Times New Roman Star"s?al- 8 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"c?al- 9, c?alma 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 420, VEWT 97, Ëåêñèêà 395. Turk. > Mong. c?alma, salma 'lasso', see TMN 4, 316-317, Ùåðáàê 1997, 163 (although the meaning 'lasso' is not widely spread in Turkic, Doerfer suggests that it may have been the original, pre-Islamic, meaning of the derivative *c?al-ma). Note Chuv. c?úw|lg|a- 'to entangle' - usually derived as a loanword < Tat. c?ulg|a- < PT *c?og-la-, but in this case one would rather expect c?ulg|a- - so the Chuv. form may actually reflect PT *c?ial-. The root is attested late, but does not seem to be borrowed, or a specialized development of *c?al- 'hit, chop' (as suggested in TMN). |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*c?al- | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"1 to knock (down), hit, agitate 2 to whet 3 to slaughter 4 to mow 5 scythe 6 to sting, pierce 7 to sweep 8 to chop 9 a k. of broom 10 to sharpen, whet 11 whetstone 12 mowing, hay time 13 to trip 14 blade | face="Times New Roman Star"1 ñáèâàòü, óäàðÿòü, áèòü, âçáàëòûâàòü 2 òî÷èòü 3 óáèâàòü, çàêàëûâàòü 4 êîñèòü 5 êîñà 6 æàëèòü, çàêàëûâàòü 7 ïîäìåòàòü 8 èçðóáèòü, îòðóáèòü 9 âèä ìåòëû, âåíèê-ãîëèê 10 òî÷èòü 11 îñåëîê 12 ïîêîñ 13 äàòü ïîäíîæêó 14 îñòðèå, ëåçâèå | face="Times New Roman Star"c?al- 1 (OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"c?al- 1 (MK, KB) | face="Times New Roman Star"c?al- 1, c?algy 9, c?algy orag|y 5 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?al- 1, 3, c?alg|y 5 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"c?al- 1, c?alg|i u.ro|q 5 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?al- 1, c?alg|a 5 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?al(y)- 8 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?al- 1, 6, 7, c?alg|y 9 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?al- 10, 7, 6, c?alGy 5, 11 | face="Times New Roman Star"sal- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"s?alg|y 5 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?alg|y 5 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?al- 1, 6 | face="Times New Roman Star"s/ol- 4, s/olúk 9 | face="Times New Roman Star"sa:lyn- 'to fall abruptly' |
| face="Times New Roman Star"s?aly- 10 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"c?al- 1, 3, c?alg|y 5, c?alg|yn 12 | face="Times New Roman Star"s?al- 13, s?alg|y 5, s?alg|yn 12 | face="Times New Roman Star"s?al- 1, 3, 4, s?alg|y 5 | face="Times New Roman Star"saly- 3 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?al- 4, c?alqy 5 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?alym 14 | face="Times New Roman Star"cal- 1, 4, calqy, calg|y 5 | face="Times New Roman Star"s?al- 1, 3, 13, s?alg|y 5, s?alg|yn 12 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"c?al- 1, 4, c?alg|y 5 | face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 97, EDT 417-418 , Åãîðîâ 206, Ôåäîòîâ 2, 132, 133. The difference in length between Turkm. and Yak. allows to suppose a merger of at least two roots, perhaps originally distinguished semantically and phonetically as *c?a:l- 'to knock down' (reflected in Yak., not reflected in Turkm.) - *c?al- 'to sharpen, whet' (reflected in Turkm., not reflected in Yak.). Since "Verba des Schlagens" are generally vague semantically, in most languages it is difficult to draw a line between them. |
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